What is the cause of PTSD?
There is no news that Stress and Trauma and, therefore, relatively also PTSD symptoms are increasing worldwide. Thus, professionally and non-professionally, people are confronted with shocking events.
Many people lose their homes to significant storms. Many men, women, and children become refugees and flee war-torn countries. People are sexually abused, student fear is on the rise, executives through signing a confidential non-disclosure agreement are bullied out of a company, entrepreneurs experience sudden bankruptcy at the bank's hands, and much more.
A few numbers:
We distinguish different forms of stress:
1. Positive - Constructive Stress
Sometimes stress can be constructive and helpful. Constructive stress ensures that the body can grow and that we can achieve the results we want;
2. Negative, destructive (destructive) stress
Destructive and unhelpful stress leads to the breakdown of bodily systems – such as a body that can be destroyed over time under the weight of disease, or other stress-related damage. Possible causes;
All change is stressful and all stress causes the brain and therefore the body in an out of balance state. In contrast, self-regulation is a situation that we as humans strive for – a stable, predictable situation, in which we feel we have the means to sustain ourselves, to be calm and to be in a safe environment (a balanced stat often referred to as Homeostasis). Therefore, when this changes, it always leads to a certain amount of stress – positive or negative stress in our consciousness, our nervous system and, of course, therefore in our body.
At the biochemical level in your body you cannot tell the difference between lifting weights in the gym or running away from a tiger, all this has in common is chemical messages, hormones, blood sugar, signals messenger cells send each other tot talk to each other about what is going on. And if that stress does not decrease quickly and I am talking about stress that we create and thus bring onto ourselves, then our biological systems will eventually start to break down.
In addition, many people have to deal with "shocking events" (trauma) professionally, which can lead to Trauma and PTSD symptoms, such as police, army, air force, navy, fire, ambulance, hospital and educational staff.
One generally speaks of a "shocking event" when someone is confronted or being threatened with death, but also seeing someone die in an accident, or being threatened with death oneself during a hostage situation, for example.
These events have a particularly large impact on a person's emotional life, his/her thinking and their entire functioning. In such a situation, a degree of helplessness, powerlessness, and overwhelm arises, which in the end is often accompanied by fear of death.
Examples of a "shocking event" (trauma) that can lead to PTSD symptoms include:
As can be seen from the above summary, it does not
have to be a death threat at all to experience
something as a shocking event.
Any event that is so shocking that one cannot properly process it in the moment can cause it to bother someone later on. This is even more specific when children are involved. The innocence in the situation and, for example, the 'too early' death in the opinion of a person, contributes additionally to the emotional charge of the image of the situation.
This is because it is not only about an event, but in particular about the meaning that a person (unconsciously) gives to this event through sensory perception. The powerlessness that exists in a situation, the feeling that one is dying, or that someone else might die, all lead to undue stress, which the body cannot handle.
Trauma situations arise suddenly in the moment and can therefore unfortunately not be prevented. Trauma situations as a result of these situations are very individual, because it concerns what a person personally experiences (sensory perception) in a certain situation. What is traumatic to one person is a 'difficult experience' for another, but ultimately no more than that.
We can divide traumas into simple and complicated (complex) traumas, but also into obvious versus less obvious traumas;
It also appears that the degree of exposure to 'shocking events' in combination with socio-economic country characteristics further drives the mutual differences. Trauma-related complaints therefore appear to be more common in countries such as the Netherlands, Canada and Australia, and not, as might be expected, in more socio-economically vulnerable countries. If people in, for example, the Netherlands, Canada and Australia experience higher exposure to trauma, they also report complaints more often.
Shocking events (traumas) lead in roughly 20% of people to
a Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and two
to three times more often in women than in men.
Occupational stress is common and especially in those professions, which can relatively often be regarded as stressful, because of the personal risk of exposure to confrontations and violence, but also the daily involvement in various traumatic incidents. As a result, high levels of stress-related symptoms can be expected, for example in;
Professionally several tens of thousands
of people unfortunately develop PTSD.
In addition, there are many more people who show symptoms of occupational PTSD (partial PTSD). Many people are professionally confronted with undesirable behavior - especially aggression and violence. One may also regularly have to deal with shocking events such as discovery of a body, a shooting incident, or the death of a colleague. It is not known how many potentially shocking events people experience professionally each year. It is known, however, that 8% (±5000) of all police officers in the Netherlands make use of professional psychological care.
You cannot actually name a profession where there is currently no uncertainty about the 'official' figures of the number of people with PTSD in the Netherlands. It seems very likely that, especially in view of the current possibilities for data collection and processing, unfortunately too few attempts are (still) being made to gain structural insight into the number of people with PTSD. Because this is not published in a transparent manner, we cannot go further than to make a rough estimate at the moment.
It is assumed that ±30,000 - 40,000 people, have lifelong occupational
PTSD. An even much larger number of people have partial-PTSD,
or have a diagnosis that changed, i.e. 'shifted', from PTSD to
another long-term debilitating illness.
Just to illustrate – at the moment some institutes and individual professionals are considering that they are getting 'good results' with their PTSD clients. However, this does not always mean that these clients are symptom-free after their PTSD recovery traject or trajectories. No, in contrast, according to the guidelines, there may be no longer be "PTSD", based on the symptoms shown, but there are indeed residual symptoms. After so-called 'successful' PTSD recovery, many (60%) suffer from concentration problems for life - causing they cannot contribute as they would like to.
In addition, a 'different diagnosis' is relatively often made during 'PTSD recovery'. This 'shift' in diagnosis leads to the fact that these people no longer have a PTSD diagnosis according to the official diagnosis booklet, but they are by no means free of symptoms. However, people 'disappear' this way from the PTSD statistics.
The latter is the case, for example, when someone no longer has PTSD, but has now been diagnosed with depression or a general anxiety disorder, for which one must now be treated, often for the rest of their life.
Finally
Did you know that a burnout and especially a repeated burnout is often a misdiagnosis of a Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - officially recognized at a later stage? That is why it is important that someone with PTSD is assisted as soon as possible with specialized expert and professional help. This sounds superfluous, but unfortunately it is not.
A misdiagnosis of PTSD is more than a 'misjudgment'. It creates an unnecessary, unpleasant and very complicated, long recovery process, of course with no result of recovering from PTSD.
Yes, someone with a burnout is indeed also (very) tired, gets exhausted, gets sleep problems, can no longer concentrate well, gets angry outbursts, loss of patience, performance problems, unexplained crying spells, gloomy mood or feelings of guilt - but can for sure have a PTSD diagnosis.
Many people with PTSD therefore use drugs to release tension, anxiety, depression and other symptoms ultimately caused by PTSD. These are often drugs such as benzodiazepines and antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs).
That these are by no means 'harmless sweets' as is apparent from the highly addictive effects and the long series of side effects that these drugs cause. Often the drugs have side effects identical to the symptoms for which they are prescribed. Prolonged use can lead to all kinds of ongoing performance and relational problems, especially when one has somehow returned to the work environment. It is not to say there is 'no place' for these medications, but one should be especially careful in prescribing them and always with the plan to stop as soon as possible - as treatmen is always accompanied by effective treatment of the triggers, causing the stressreactions to occur.
Through this Beyond PTSD web site I would like to give a clear and refreshing perspective on PTSD. PTSD without a lifelong condemnation to PTSD symptoms and perhaps more importantly, effective recovery with a good quality of life in prospect.
My perspective described on this website further explores the background, psychobiology and psychophysiology of PTSD and Trauma, as well as the phenomena and importance of an effective and integral approach.
An approach that starts with what trauma actually is (energy), but also one that uses the most modern and advanced recovery coaching intervention techniques available - so that integral recovery from PTSD becomes a reality.